Fire protection for tunnels 

The Tunnelling Journal talked to Frank Clement, Fire Protection Technical Manager, on fire protection and the importance of concrete quality. A sequence of serious tunnel fires in the 1990s impelled experts to conduct research into fires in tunnels, which was followed by a European Directive on minimum safety requirements. The article looks at exactly what happens in a fire, and weighs up the advantages and disadvantages of the different models of modern fire protection design, including spray applied mortars (passive protection), and concrete containing polypropylene fibres. The articles also summarizes the history of sprayed mortars, concluding with the key factors affecting fire protection decision making: risk and cost.

 Fire Protection for Tunnels.pdf